Gut affects
various systems in the human body. The leaky gut hypothesis tells us that gut
microbial products cause systemic low-grade inflammation, which enhances the
progression of various human diseases.
Microbial
translocation attributable to intestinal barrier dysfunction and
hyperpermeability have been proven in major human diseases. Among these
microbial products, endotoxin/ lipopolysaccharide is most extensively studied
in clinical situations.
However, its
detection in the blood and its impact in the clinical course still arouse much
discussion. Overviewing the long-standing controversies in the assay system and
the main results in various clinical situations, this review regards plasma
endotoxin level as a feasible microbial translocation marker.
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