Receptor
Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal protein and has
gained attention in cancer therapy since its initial discovery as a relatively
specific surface antigen on B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2008.
The list of cancer types with ROR1 expression keeps growing, comprising, among others,malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. It has been shown that
ROR1 mediates several oncogenic pathways in a cancer type- and
context-dependent manner.
There are
several ways to target ROR1 molecule, some of which have been in preclinical
and clinical trials. We briefly summarize the oncogenic signaling pathways
related to ROR1, as well as the update on ROR1-targeted therapies. ROR1 is
transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase-like protein that is mainly expressed in
cells during embryogenesis; however, ROR1 has been shown to re-express in
several cancer types. At the amino terminus of ROR1 is an extracellular
immunoglobulin-like domain, a cysteine-rich domain, also named the Frizzled
domain, and a highly folded, cysteine-rich Kringle transmembrane domain.
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