Heart failure (HF)
associating with a significant socioeconomic burden, high rates of hospital
admission and cardiovascular (CV) mortality remains a major healthcare problemworldwide.
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| Chronic Heart Failure |
Although widely used
clinical guidelines represented by European Society of Cardiology and American
College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association are in particularly
depicted biomarker-guided therapy of HF to improve clinical outcomes and
prognosis, there is not completely agreement regarding the role of various
biomarkers as a surrogate target of HF care. The hypothesis that intensified
therapy of outpatients with different phenotypes of HF (i.e. HF with reduced
ejection fraction ([HFrEF], HF with preserved ejection fraction ([HFpEF], and
probably HF with mid-regional ejection fraction ([HFmrEF]) under continuously
monitoring of some surrogate biomarkers (mainly natriuretic peptides [NPs] and
probably soluble ST, cardiac troponins, galectin-3, pro-adrenomedullin) could
be better than traditional treatment in a way to improve prognosis appears to
be promising.
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