Efficacy of a Novel Epicardium Drug Delivery System for Bone Marrow Stem Cells Treating Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

In this study, we will demonstrate that the epicardium drug delivery system for bone marrow stem cells (EDDS & BMSCs) can treat heart failure.

24 rats were randomly allocated into four groups and six animals in each group as follows: Normal group, heart failure after myocardial infarction (HF after MI) group, EDDS and EDDS & BMSCs group. EDDS were implanted in SD rat with post-infarction dilated heart failure.

The bone marrow stem cells, which were delivered by the device of subcutaneous tube at post operation seventh days, fifteenth days and twenty-fifth days.

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Negative Involvement of the Working Environment in the Occurrence of Cognitive Disorders

Most of cognitive disorders are masked by symptoms they have in common with many others human illnesses like influenza and headache. Prevention appears unavoidable and, monitoring their evolution may help to reduce incidence of major brains disorders.

In this goal, an observational research was leaded in a call center sample, to evaluate the distribution and the evolution of cognitive impairments and mood disorders.

Demographic and clinical data, insomnia and sleeps disorders, drugs usage associated with cognitive decline, gender, level of education, family medical history, depression and anxiety were collected. Correlation was found between time of work and cognitive decline, depression and time of work, sleep disorders and cognitive complaints.

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Environmental Bioremediation of Industrial Effluent

Deaden the use of microorganisms or condense the concentration of hazardous waste contaminated plant is called biodegradation.

Biological cleaning systems have a variety of applications such as decontamination of contaminated areas such as water, soil, sludge and flows.

Rapid industrialization, urbanization, intensive agriculture and other human activities have led to land degradation, pollution and decrease crop productivity in all sectors of agriculture.

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Regulatory Mechanisms of Hsp90

The ability of Hsp90 to activate a disparate clientele implicates this chaperone in diverse biological processes. To accommodate such varied roles, Hsp90 requires a variety ofregulatory mechanisms that are coordinated in order to modulate its activityappropriately.

Hsp90

Amongst these, the master-regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is critically important in upregulating Hsp90 during stress, but is also responsible, through interaction with specific transcription factors (such as STAT1 and Strap/p300) for the integration of a variety of biological signals that ultimately modulate Hsp90 expression. Additionally, transcription factors, such as STAT1, STAT3 (including STAT1-STAT3 oligomers), NF-IL6, and NF-kB, are known to influence Hsp90 expression directly. Read more>>>>

Pathogenic Aspects of Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis in Males and Females

Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest diseases is creating an impediment in human health world widely. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causespulmonary TB, which later on shifts its impact on other body organs rather than only lungs. So here bacilli generate the extra-pulmonary form of TB.

Genito-Urinary Tuberculosis

Genito-urinary form of EPTB is world’s second most risky form of TB which brings ill effects on reproductive health of population. GUTB is much more destructive which affects males and females both but in males, susceptibility towards disease is more. Now-a-days infertility is the major concern in both males and females which arises due to the infection of bacilli in genital organs. Some frequent symptoms like dysuria, pyuria, abdominal pain, hematuria may be observed and fever, weight loss, anorexia are less common. GUTB can be diagnosed on the basis of various culture studies and also through the radiological imaging by ultra sound, pelvic MRI etc. PCR is also best method for the diagnosis of the bacilli of MTB in urine and the ideal result can be obtained within 24-48 hours. Surgery is also preferred if kidney or epididymis is infected with the bacilli. Read more>>>>>

A Model for Biological Transport - Flow of Fluid between Dilating and Squeezing Channel

Mohyud-Din et al., studied the laminar flow dynamics of an incompressible viscous fluid inside a semi-infinite rectangular domain; the rectangular confinement is bound by twomobile porous walls that allow the entry or exit of the fluid during successive expansions and contractions.

The authors applied the Variation of Parameters Method (VPM) for tackling the problem; from the results it was clear that VPM can be successfully applied to nonlinear equations. The results from the work bore a remarkable resemblance to the pre-existing numerical solutions. In biological fluid transport, the flow through expanding and contracting porous vessels is a common phenomenon. Its vital importance in many parts of synthetic respiratory systems, artificial circulatory systems and several industrial processes is also an established fact. Therefore, its study has attracted many researchers from all over the world and they have contributed their work in this regard. Read more>>>>>>

Study Body Composition of Adolescent Girls

Nutritional status of individuals or populations and measurements of food and nutrient intake and evaluation of nutrition-related health indicators is aspect of study nutritional anthropometry.

The use of nutritional assessment has increased importance in recent years because of our greater knowledge of the nutritional status and health. It refers not only to inadequate dietary intake or undernutrition but also to over- nutrition characterized by obesity and its associated co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, osteoporosis, and some form of cancer as well.

Malnutrition is a “pathological state resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrients”. Sample size: For this study 1009 adolescent’s girls are chosen as subjects for this study.

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A New Strategy and System for the Ex-Vivo Testicle Perfusion and Cryopreservation

Testicular cryopreservation aims at the preservation of fertility in children and prepubertal boys, subjected to gonadotoxic anti-cancer therapy, hematopoieticstem cells transplantation and other reasons of intensive chemotherapy.

Cryopreservation

Further indications could differ from country to another, based on the available medical regulations. Testicular cryopreservation can be performed using the slow freezing technique, where a programmable controlled temperature change can be applied, or the Vitrification technique, where the testicular tissue is equilibrated with suitable concentrations of cryoprotectants and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Recently, the technique of cryopreservation has been tried with animals and humans, applying both slow freezing and Vitrification techniques, with the results of Vitrification are comparable to those of slow freezing. Read more>>>>>

ROR1 is an Intriguing Target for Cancer Therapy

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal protein and has gained attention in cancer therapy since its initial discovery as a relatively specific surface antigen on B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2008. The list of cancer types with ROR1 expression keeps growing, comprising, among others,malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. It has been shown that ROR1 mediates several oncogenic pathways in a cancer type- and context-dependent manner.

There are several ways to target ROR1 molecule, some of which have been in preclinical and clinical trials. We briefly summarize the oncogenic signaling pathways related to ROR1, as well as the update on ROR1-targeted therapies. ROR1 is transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase-like protein that is mainly expressed in cells during embryogenesis; however, ROR1 has been shown to re-express in several cancer types. At the amino terminus of ROR1 is an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a cysteine-rich domain, also named the Frizzled domain, and a highly folded, cysteine-rich Kringle transmembrane domain.

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Pressure Effect on the Folding of G-Quadruplex DNA Modified with Hexaethylene Glycol

Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers that can adopt a variety of structures stabilized via base pairing. Watson-Crick type hydrogen bonding results in the canonical double helixbetween two complementary strands. Relying on this simple law of self-assembly, nucleic acids has been used as a drug and nanomaterials.

G-Quadruplex DNA

Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonding permits formation of non-canonical structures of nucleic acids. In particular, guanine-quadruplex (G-quadruplex) DNA structures are stabilized by guanine quartets that interact via Hoogsteen base pairing. This tetraplex structure coordinates metal ions such as Na+ and K+, which contribute the structural stability. Furthermore, the stabilities of G-quadruplexes are increased in conditions of molecular crowding. These properties indicate that changes in molecular environment can regulate the folding and unfolding of G-quadruplex structures, and external chemical and physical stimuli are useful for control of structures of nucleic acid-based drugs and nanomachines.

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The Erythropoietin Effect on Uterus Congestion after Uterine Ischemia Reperfusion

Erythropoietin (Epo) belongs to the most occupied growth factor in biomedical studies. It implicates over 29,207 such studies at present; the 3.45% at least of which concern tissueischemia-reperfusion (IR) models.

Uterus Congestion

A popular aim of Epo usage is the reverse potency of IR transient injuries of organs, including their tissues and certainly patients' health. However, satisfactory responses have not yet been received concerning basic affairs, such as, the dosage height, the administration timing, and the action velocity. The knowledge must be promoted besides the original action of Epo in red blood cells production. These specific matters require more detailed management.

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The Growth/Differentiation Factor-15 in Chronic Heart Failure: New Challenge in Biomarker-Guided Therapy?

Heart failure (HF) associating with a significant socioeconomic burden, high rates of hospital admission and cardiovascular (CV) mortality remains a major healthcare problemworldwide.

Chronic Heart Failure

Although widely used clinical guidelines represented by European Society of Cardiology and American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association are in particularly depicted biomarker-guided therapy of HF to improve clinical outcomes and prognosis, there is not completely agreement regarding the role of various biomarkers as a surrogate target of HF care. The hypothesis that intensified therapy of outpatients with different phenotypes of HF (i.e. HF with reduced ejection fraction ([HFrEF], HF with preserved ejection fraction ([HFpEF], and probably HF with mid-regional ejection fraction ([HFmrEF]) under continuously monitoring of some surrogate biomarkers (mainly natriuretic peptides [NPs] and probably soluble ST, cardiac troponins, galectin-3, pro-adrenomedullin) could be better than traditional treatment in a way to improve prognosis appears to be promising.

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Advances in Stem Cell Research over a Period of Time with Therapeutic Applications: Special Emphasis on Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Embryonic stem cells (ESC’s) are a set of pluripotent cells unique in character which are obtained from preimplantation blastocyst stage embryos.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

They can either undergo asymmetric divisions whereby they either duplicate themselves or differentiate into another cell type. Adult stem cells on the other hand are undifferentiated cells found around differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. While they are multipotent they can differentiate into a limited number of cell types. ESC’s can proliferate indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. They express specific markers or characteristics like stage specific embryonic antigens, enzymatic activities like alkaline phosphatase and telomerase, ’stemness’ genes which are rapidly downregulated upon differentiation including Octamer (Oct 4) and Nano g.

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Association of HLA Class I and II Antigens with Vitiligo in Egyptian Population

Vitiligo is a pigmentary disorder that affects 0.38-1.13% of the population in different regions of the world. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is still unknown, but genetic and immunological factors have an important role in the origin of vitiligo.

Vitiligo

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules perform a crucial function in the regulation of the immune response.The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is now recognized as a major contributing factor for susceptibility to a variety of autoimmune diseases, and numerous associations with vitiligo have focused on the HLA system. Most of them reported multiple HLA class II alleles to be associated with vitiligo in different populations; however, a few studies had consistent association evidence, which might be explained by weak genetic effects or complex gene-gene or gene environmental interactions, population stratification or genetic differences between populations.  

  

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Endothelial Dysfunction an Evolving Target in Diabetic Nephropathy

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes. It is the single major cause of renal failure in many countries.

Diabetic Nephropathy

This complication reflects a complex pathophysiology, whereby various genetic and environmental factors determine susceptibility and progression to end-stage renal disease. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes has been estimated to be 30-47% of all incident cases worldwide. Disparities in the incidence of ESRD from diabetes among ethnic groups have existed for many years, but the magnitude has been increasing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that there are currently 346 million people affected by diabetes worldwide and anticipates that diabetes-related deaths would double by 2030.

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Fibrin: An underrated biopolymer for skin tissue engineering

The ultimate goal in skin tissue regeneration is to develop artificial skin replacements for therestoration of damaged or missing skins in patients as well as to enhance wound healing processes.

Skin tissue engineering

Fibrin, a naturally-occurring biopolymer involved in wound healing has seen widespread use in tissue engineering due to its bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and facile processability. However, the versatile biopolymer should be further explored and more specifically for skin tissue engineering strategies due to its remarkable skin repair capacity: intrinsic healing properties, adaptable to biomaterial design from its fibrinogen and thrombin precursors and tunable physico-chemical features.

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The FAH Fold Meets the Krebs Cycle

The Krebs (or tricarboxylic acid, TCA) cycle forms a central junction in aerobic metabolism,being connectedto glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.

Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate, an important so-called anaplerotic reaction to provide a sufficient level of metabolites for the TCA cycle. The breakdown of oxaloacetate to pyruvate by oxaloacetate decarboxylases (ODx) is mainly known from prokaryotic organisms where two main variants of ODx enzymes are known: a membrane-bound variant that depends on sodium and biotin and a soluble variant that depends on divalent cations. Far less is known about ODx activity in mammalian organisms, apart from the promiscuous activity of some metabolic enzymes.

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Regulatory Mechanisms of Hsp90

The ability of Hsp90 to activate a disparate clientele implicates this chaperone in diverse biological processes. To accommodate such varied roles, Hsp90 requiresa variety of regulatory mechanisms that are coordinated in order to modulate its activity appropriately.

Hsp90

Amongst these, the master-regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is critically important in upregulating Hsp90 during stress, but is also responsible, through interaction with specific transcription factors (such as STAT1 and Strap/p300) for the integration of a variety of biological signals that ultimately modulate Hsp90 expression. Additionally, transcription factors, such as STAT1, STAT3 (including STAT1-STAT3 oligomers), NF-IL6, and NF-kB, are known to influence Hsp90 expression directly.

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The Importance of Screening for Mild Depression in Adults with Diabetes

Depression is common and burdensome in patients with diabetes. Compared to people without diabetes, depression prevalence rates are over three times higher in people with Type 1diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and twice as high in patients with Type 2 diabetesmellitus (T2DM).

Mild Depression

Depression is associated with poor diabetes self-management and poorer prognosis in terms of disease severity, complications, and mortality. Psychological and pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing depression in people with diabetes and lifestyle factors and some pharmacological treatments also improve glycaemic control. Therefore, the importance of screening for and addressing depression in people with diabetes is recognized in the guidelines of several countries and by the International Diabetes Federation. 

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Efficacy of a Novel Epicardium Drug Delivery System for Bone Marrow Stem Cells Treating Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that can result from any functional or structural cardiac disorder that impairs the ventricle’s ability to fill with or eject blood. Heart failure not only reduces thepatient's life expectancy, but also causes the patient to breathe difficult, fluid retention and fatigue, which significantly reduce the quality of life of patients.

Almost all of the cardiovascular disease will eventually lead to heart failure, and myocardial infarction is the main cause of heart failure. Heart failure after myocardial infarction can lead to left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. In the end stage of heart failure, the effect of drugs treatment is very low. Therefore, many studies have turned to use devices to therapy heart failure. 

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Cell-Based Therapy of Ischemic Heart Failure

Heart failure is the number one killer of men and women in the United States. Despite spending more than $35 billion annually on the treatment of heart disease in the US, the number of patients progressingto heart failure is increasing. Currently, there is no strategy to reverse or halt the progression of heart failure.

Ischemic Heart Failure

Over the past few years, stem cell transplantation has risen as a new therapeutic strategy for treating IHF. A large number of preclinical as well as clinical studies were performed using adult bone marrow-derived cells with mixed results. The majority of the studies showed modest improvement in cardiac function in IHF. Among the studies tested adult cell types, cardiac c-Kit+ progenitor cells proved to be potential candidates as therapeutic agents; however, the low cardiogenic potential of transplanted adult cells and c-Kit+ cells may present a major obstacle. 

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ROR1 is an Intriguing Target for Cancer Therapy

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is an oncofetal protein and has gained attention in cancer therapy since its initial discovery as a relatively specific surface antigen on B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in 2008. The list of cancer types with ROR1 expression keeps growing, comprising, amongothers, malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. It has been shown that ROR1 mediates several oncogenic pathways in a cancer type- and context-dependent manner.

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor 1 

There are several ways to target ROR1 molecule, some of which have been in preclinical and clinical trials. We briefly summarize the oncogenic signaling pathways related to ROR1, as well as the update on ROR1-targeted therapies. ROR1 is transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase-like protein that is mainly expressed in cells during embryogenesis; however, ROR1 has been shown to re-express in several cancer types . At the amino terminus of ROR1 is an extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, a cysteine-rich domain, also named the Frizzled domain, and a highly folded, cysteine-rich Kringle transmembrane domain. 

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Trastuzumab Combined Oxaliplatin and S-1 Therapy Demonstrated Pathological Complete Response of Synchronous Liver Metastasis of Gastric Cancer

The HER2 positive advanced or metastatic gastric cancer (GC) is recommended with Trastuzumab (Tmab) combined cisplatin (CDDP) and capecitabine (Cap).

Otherwise, oxaliplatin (L-OHP) has been replaced in place of CDDP for GC. Furthermore, S-1 is a key oral anticancer drug used in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer in Asia.

A 59- year-old man who received Tmab-SOX therapy for solitary synchronous liver metastasis of GC, because the operated intestinal type GC revealed HER2 score 3+ immunohistochemically.

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Advances in Stem Cell Research over a Period of Time with Therapeutic Applications: Special Emphasis on Parthenogenesis Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Despite the Embryonic stem cells (ESC's) having the potential to provide unlimited cells and tissues for regenerative medicine, their use is difficult because most of them will be rejected by the patient’s immune system unless officially immunomastched.

Although pluripotent stem cells are genetically identical to a patient, they can be established by reprogramming of somatic cells. Limitations remain high cost and they are required to produce clinical grade cells for each kind of patient.

The ESC's derived from parthenogenetic embryos (pESC) which are homozygous for HLA 'S may serve as an alternative for immunomatched therapies for a large number of patients.

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The Combination of Amoebiasis with Helminthiasis and Maduromycosis Complicated by Secondary Amyloidosis: A Case Report

A rare case of secondary amyloidosis was found in a cadaver with amoebiasis and intrathoracic complications of amoebic liver abscess related with Helminthiasis and Maduromycosis which proved the peculiarity of Amoebiasis to combine with polyparasitoses, namely Enterobiasis, strongyloidiasis and Wuchereriasis.

The authors confirmed that the progression of secondary amyloidosis, most likely hepatopathic amyloidosis, can be accelerated by longstanding course of advanced, severe underlying illness with the development of amoebic complications, especially combined with Helminthiasis and Mycosis.

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Fibrin: An underrated biopolymer for skin tissue engineering

The ultimate goal in skin tissue regeneration is to develop artificial skin replacements for the restoration of damaged or missing skins in patients as well as to enhance wound healing processes.

Fibrin, a naturally-occurring biopolymer involved in wound healing has seen widespread use in tissue engineering due to its bioactivity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and facile processability.

However, the versatile biopolymer should be further explored and more specifically for skin tissue engineering strategies due to its remarkable skin repair capacity.

PDF LINK

Regulatory Mechanisms of Hsp90

The ability of Hsp90 to activate a disparate clientele implicates this chaperone in diverse biological processes. To accommodate such varied roles, Hsp90 requires a variety of regulatory mechanisms that are coordinated in order to modulate its activity appropriately.

Amongst these, the master-regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is critically important in upregulating Hsp90 during stress, but is also responsible, through interaction with specific transcription factors (such as STAT1 and Strap/p300) for the integration of a variety of biological signals that ultimately modulate Hsp90 expression.

Additionally, transcription factors, such as STAT1, STAT3 (including STAT1-STAT3 oligomers), NF-IL6, and NF-kB, are known to influence Hsp90 expression directly.

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Endotoxin and Other Microbial Translocation Markers in the Blood: A Clue to Understand Leaky Gut Syndrome

Gut affects various systems in the human body. The leaky gut hypothesis tells us that gut microbial products cause systemic low-grade inflammation, which enhances the progression of various human diseases.

Microbial translocation attributable to intestinal barrier dysfunction and hyperpermeability have been proven in major human diseases. Among these microbial products, endotoxin/ lipopolysaccharide is most extensively studied in clinical situations.

However, its detection in the blood and its impact in the clinical course still arouse much discussion.

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FACT Creates a Transiently Accessible Nucleosome Structure Through Integrated Reorganization Mechanism

Nucleosomes act as a barrier in nuclear processes, such as DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Facilitates chromatin transcription (FACT) plays essential roles in nucleosome dynamics during these processes.

Two different mechanisms so far have been proposed for nucleosome reorganization by FACT. However, these interpretations have left some unsolved problems in terms of FACTmediated eviction and exchange of histones within nucleosome.

Most recently, we have proposed the integrated reorganization mechanism, in which FACT retains nucleosome in transiently loosened structures. This accessible structure allows us to explain most reasonably about how FACT directs further disruption of nucleosome and histone replacement in concert with other factors.

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Selective HDAC6 Inhibition Corrects Aberrant B Cell Development in the Bone Marrow of NZB/W F1 Mice

B cell development in the bone marrow is highly complex and includes vital regulatory checkpoints to maintain central tolerance. Defects in central tolerance are implicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and aberrant B cell development has been reported in NZB/W mice.

We hypothesized that altered B cell development in the bone marrow of lupus-prone NZB/W mice would be corrected after HDAC6 inhibition. B cell development was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis of Hardy fractions from bone marrow cells of NZB/W mice treated with an HDAC6 inhibitor or vehicle control.

Additionally, deep sequence analysis of RNA from the bone marrow was utilized to identify potential targets of HDAC6. As NZB/W mice aged, there was an apparent shift in later stages of B cell development suggesting accelerated progression through maturation and potential to bypass key regulatory checkpoints.

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Endotoxin and Other Microbial Translocation Markers in the Blood: A Clue to Understand Leaky Gut Syndrome

Gut affects various systems in the human body. The leaky gut hypothesis tells us that gut microbial products cause systemic low-grade inflammation, which enhances the progression of various human diseases.

Microbial translocation attributable to intestinal barrier dysfunction and hyperpermeability have been proven in major human diseases. Among these microbial products, endotoxin/ lipopolysaccharide is most extensively studied in clinical situations.

However, its detection in the blood and its impact in the clinical course still arouse much discussion. Overviewing the long-standing controversies in the assay system and the main results in various clinical situations, this review regards plasma endotoxin level as a feasible microbial translocation marker.

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